This blog is part of a three-part series on learning and attention disorders in children. In this series, we’ll guide you through identifying signs of these disorders early, offer practical strategies to support your child day to day, and clarify the differences between these disorders.

Approximately 11% of children between the ages of 3 and 17 have been diagnosed with a learning disability, and about 10% have been diagnosed with ADHD. These statistics highlight just how common learning and attention disorders are, but despite this, it can be challenging for parents to identify these conditions. Understanding the signs and seeking timely support can make a world of difference for a child's well-being and future success.

At Capital Area Pediatrics, we specialize in providing expert pediatric care tailored to the unique needs of every child. Our experienced team is here to help you recognize the early signs of learning and attention disorders and provide guidance for the next steps. With a compassionate approach and personalized care plans, we aim to support your child’s growth and development every step of the way. If you’re concerned about your child’s learning or behavior patterns, don’t hesitate to schedule an appointment with us today.

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Early identification and intervention can open the door to countless opportunities—let’s explore how to get started.

Understanding Learning & Attention Disorders

Learning and attention disorders are conditions that affect the way children receive, process, or apply information. These disorders are neurological, meaning that they aren't a reflection of intelligence but rather of how the brain handles information. While these disorders can make school, social interactions, and daily tasks more difficult, early identification and intervention can empower children to succeed.

Learning disorders primarily affect areas like reading, writing, or math. Conditions like dyslexia, dysgraphia, or dyscalculia can make it challenging to understand written text, express thoughts through writing, or grasp math concepts.

• Dyslexia: This condition can make it harder for a child to understand and learn new words, which may affect their reading, spelling, and writing skills. Children with dyslexia might struggle with reading, even though they have the ability and potential to become strong readers.
• Dyscalculia: This condition can make it harder for children to understand numbers and grasp mathematical concepts, which may lead to challenges with math tasks. If your child has dyscalculia, they might struggle with understanding numbers or performing calculations.
• Dysgraphia: This disorder disrupts a child’s handwriting and fine motor skills, making basic writing tasks a constant struggle. Dysgraphia prevents proper letter formation and spacing, directly impacting a child’s ability to write effectively.

Attention disorders impact a child's ability to focus and control their impulses. ADHD is the most common attention disorder and has three presentations:

• Predominantly Inattentive: Children with this presentation may struggle with paying attention to details, following through on tasks, and staying organized.
• Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive: Children with this presentation may exhibit constant fidgeting and restlessness, have difficulty sitting still for extended periods, or interrupt others frequently.
• Combined: Children with this presentation experience both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms.

In the past, ADD (attention deficit disorder) and ADHD were used interchangeably to describe the same condition. Today, ADD is no longer an official diagnosis, but some people still use it when referring to predominantly inattentive ADHD.

Why Early Diagnosis Matters

Early identification is crucial because learning and attention disorders can impact a child’s self-esteem, academic performance, and relationships. A child who struggles without proper support may begin to feel “different” or incapable compared to their peers. The sooner a diagnosis is made, the sooner families can work with pediatricians, educators, and specialists to provide the right tools and interventions.

At Capital Area Pediatrics, we know how overwhelming it can be to navigate concerns about your child’s development or behavior. Our experienced physicians are here to help, offering services like:

• Developmental and behavioral assessments tailored to your child’s specific concerns.
• Referrals to trusted specialists when additional evaluations, such as neuropsychological testing, are recommended.
• Care coordination with your child’s school or therapy team to ensure comprehensive support.
• Ongoing monitoring and follow-up care to adjust your child’s treatment plan as they grow.
• Medication management, when indicated.

We’re also proud to provide families with other valuable resources as needed to help you confidently manage your child’s unique needs and create a path toward success.

Steps to Take if You Have Concerns

If you suspect your child may have a learning or attention disorder, here’s what you can do:

1. Document Behaviors & Concerns: Keeping a journal of concerning behaviors, teacher feedback, and academic struggles can be helpful when meeting with healthcare providers and educators. Providing specific examples can help speed up the assessment process.
2. Schedule a Visit With Us: At this consultation, your CAP pediatrician will review your child’s developmental history, school performance, and behavior. Prior to your visit, we kindly ask that you complete any required paperwork in advance to ensure a smooth and efficient appointment. From there, they may recommend further assessments or referrals to specialists such as developmental-behavioral pediatricians, psychologists, or educational therapists.
3. Educate Yourself on Myths & Facts: There are many misconceptions about ADHD and learning disabilities, such as the belief that these issues are caused by “bad parenting” or that children will simply “outgrow” them. In reality, these disorders are linked to differences in brain development and require appropriate support​.

Get the Right Support for Your Child

It’s never too early—or too late—to bring up concerns about your child or teen’s learning or attention. If your child is showing signs of difficulty focusing, academic struggles, or emotional challenges linked to school performance, reach out to us.

At Capital Area Pediatrics, we’re here to support your child’s unique needs. Schedule an appointment with us today​—together, we’ll work to create a path toward success for your child.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a learning disability and an attention disorder?

A learning disability affects how a child receives and processes information, impacting skills such as reading, writing, and math. An attention disorder, such as ADHD, primarily affects a child’s ability to focus, stay organized, and manage impulsive behaviors. However, some children may have both, and symptoms can overlap, making a thorough evaluation essential​.

What are the early warning signs of ADHD in children?

Early signs of ADHD may include frequent daydreaming, forgetfulness, trouble staying seated, constant fidgeting, difficulty listening to instructions, and impulsive behaviors like interrupting others. While these behaviors can happen occasionally in all children, they tend to be more frequent and interfere with daily activities in children with ADHD​.

How is a learning disability diagnosed?

Diagnosing a learning disability typically involves a combination of school-based evaluations and assessments by healthcare providers. This may include academic testing, cognitive assessments, and reviewing the child’s developmental history. Pediatricians often collaborate with psychologists, special educators, and other specialists to make an accurate diagnosis​.

Can children outgrow learning or attention disorders?

While some symptoms may lessen with age, most children do not 'outgrow' these disorders. However, with early intervention, support, and appropriate strategies, children can learn to manage challenges effectively and thrive both academically and socially​.

When should I bring my child to a pediatrician for an evaluation?

If your child is consistently struggling with attention, focus, schoolwork, or behavior compared to peers, it’s a good idea to consult your pediatrician. Early evaluations are key to getting the support your child needs as soon as possible.

What role does the pediatrician play in managing learning and attention disorders?

Pediatricians are often the first point of contact when concerns arise. At Capital Area Pediatrics, we assess your child’s development, help guide the diagnostic process, and provide referrals to specialists when needed. We also coordinate care with schools, provide basic medication management for attention disorders when appropriate, and offer follow-up visits to track your child’s progress over time.